\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\u7684\u6d17\u6da4\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u9014\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5343\u5bb6\u4e07\u6237\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n
Detergents: Surfactants are the main active ingredients of detergents, and without surfactants there would be no synthetic detergents. Among all types of SAA, anionic surfactants are the first and most widely used type of surfactants, and the current demand is over 50%. For some time in the future, anionic surfactants will still occupy a dominant position.<\/p>\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u578b\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\uff1a\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u76d0(\u80a5\u7682)\u3001\u70f7\u57fa\u82ef\u78fa\u9178\u76d0(ABS)\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u9187\u786b\u9178\u76d0(AS)\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u9187\u805a\u6c27\u4e59\u70ef\u786b\u9178\u76d0(AES)\u3001\u03b1\u2014\u70ef\u70c3\u786b\u9178\u76d0(AOS)\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u9187\u805a\u6c27\u4e59\u70ef\u7fa7\u9178\u76d0(AEC)\u3001\u677e\u9999\u9178\u94a0\uff08CAS\uff09\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7532\u916f\u78fa\u9178\u76d0(MES)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n
1\uff0e\u80a5\u7682\uff1a\u80a5\u7682\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u90e8\u5206\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u957f\u78b3\u94fe\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u94a0\u76d0\u548c\u94be\u76d0\u7ea6\u536025\uff05\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u80a5\u7682\uff0c\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u539f\u6599\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u4e00\u822c\u4ee5\u725b\u6cb9\u3001\u7f8a\u6cb9\u7b49\u6cb9\u8102\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u7528\u5f3a\u78b1\u8fdb\u884c\u7682\u5316\uff0c\u540e\u7ecf\u76d0\u6790\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u7518\u6cb9\u800c\u5236\u5f97\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u4e8c\u4ef7\u548c\u4e09\u4ef7\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u5982Ca2+\u3001Mg2+\u3001Fe2+\u7b49\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u9499\u7682\u6216\u9541\u7682\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u80a5\u7682\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u6e05\u6d17\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n
2\uff0e\u70f7\u57fa\u82ef\u78fa\u9178\u76d0(ABS)\uff1a\u70f7\u57fa\u82ef\u78fa\u9178\u94a0\u76d0(R-C6H6-S03Na)\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9499\u76d0\u548c\u9541\u76d0\u5bf9\u6c34\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u8010\u786c\u6c34\u6027\u3002\u5728\u70f7\u57fa\u82ef\u78fa\u9178\u76d0\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u94fe\u578b\u70f7\u57fa\u82ef(LAS) \u5176\u4ef7\u683c\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u6d17\u6da4\u529b\u5f3a\u4e14\u6613\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u73af\u5883\u53cb\u597d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d17\u6da4\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u6280\u672f\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u4e0a\u80fd\u4e0eLAS\u76f8\u5339\u654c\uff0c\u88ab\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u8a89\u4e3a\u5408\u6210\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u519b\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4f5c\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1a\u5341\u4e8c\u70f7\u57fa\u82ef\u78fa\u9178\u94a0\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u6d17\u6da4\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u70f7\u57fa\u82ef\u78fa\u9178\u94a0\u5728\u70f7\u57fa\u82ef\u78fa\u9178\u94a0\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u6d17\u51c0\u529b\u6700\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n
3\uff0e\u03b1\u2014\u70ef\u70c3\u78fa\u9178\u76d0(AOS) \uff1aAOS\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u6d17\u6da4\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6d17\u624b\u6db2\u3001\u9999\u6ce2\u3001\u6ce1\u6cab\u6d74\u3001\u9910\u5177\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u6e05\u6d17\u5242\u53ca\u6d17\u8863\u7c89\u3002<\/p>\n\n
4\uff0e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7532\u916f\u78fa\u9178\u76d0(MES) \uff1aR\u4e3a\u70f7\u57fa\uff0cR\u2019\u4e3a\u7532\u57fa\uff0c\u53bb\u6c61\u529b\u4ee5R\u4e3aC16\u548c C18\u4e3a\u597d\uff0c\u6297\u786c\u6c34\u80fd\u529bR\u4e3aC14\u6700\u597d\u3002MES\u662f\u4ee5\u5929\u7136\u6cb9\u8102\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u6d17\u6da4\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u7682\u9499\u5206\u6563\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u6cb8\u77f3\u6709\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u914d\u4f0d\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u65e0\u78f7\u6d17\u8863\u7c89\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u9499\u7682\u5206\u6563\u529b\u6bd4LAS\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u590d\u5408\u7682\u4e0e\u7682\u57fa\u6d17\u8863\u7c89\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n
5\uff0e\u677e\u9999\u9178\u94a0\uff08CAS\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e09\u82ef\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u4e24\u4eb2\u7ed3\u6784(\u4e00\u7aef\u4eb2\u6c34\u57fa\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u4eb2\u6cb9\u57fa)\uff0c\u56fa\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4f5c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e73\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u82ef\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e73\u5316\u3002\u677e\u9999\u9178\u94a0\u7528\u4f5c\u51b2\u6d17\u6db2\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u57fa\u5438\u9644\u5728\u94bb\u5177\u548c\u5b54\u58c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4eb2\u6cb9\u57fa\u5219\u8d77\u7740\u9694\u79bb\u6469\u64e6\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u56fa\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u53d8\u4e3a\u6cb9\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5b54\u58c1\u4e0e\u94bb\u5177\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u963b\u529b;\u677e\u9999\u9178\u94a0\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5916\u52a0\u5242\uff0c\u5b83\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u9ad8\u5f3a\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u677e\u9999\u9178\u94a0\u52a0\u6c14\u5242\u4e0d\u4f46\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u4fbf\u6613\u884c\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u827a\u3002<\/p>\n\n
6\uff0e\u8102\u80aa\u9187\u786b\u9178\u76d0(AS)\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9187\u919a\u786b\u9178\u76d0(AES) \uff1aAS\u7684\u901a\u5f0fROSO3Na\uff0cR\u4e3aC14~C16\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6d17\u6da4\u6027\uff1bAES\u7684\u901a\u5f0f RO(C2H4O)nSO3Na \uff0cR\u4e3aC14~C15 n\uff1d1\u20142\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u6d17\u6da4\u6027\u3002AS\u548cAES\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u6027\uff0c\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u53bb\u6c61\u529b\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8d77\u6ce1\u6027\u3002\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u914d\u5236\u9ad8\u6ce1\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u6613\u62a4\u7406\u578b\u6216\u7f8a\u6bdb\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u6ce1\u6cab\u6d74\u3001\u6d17\u53d1\u9999\u6ce2\u3001\u5316\u5986\u54c1\u3001\u624b\u6d17\u9910\u6d17\u5242\u3001\u852c\u83dc\u7528\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n
II. Non-ionic surfactants: Non-ionic surfactants have good decontamination power for oily dirt and strong ability to prevent re-pollution of synthetic fibers. Hard water resistance and resistance to high concentration of electrolytes are both relatively strong. The biggest advantage of polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants is the adjustability of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic group parts. The EO number can be adjusted to suit various substrates to achieve the best detergency.<\/p>\n\n
1. Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers: general formula RO(C2H4O)nH R=C12~C18, n adjustable. These compounds have high detergent activity as shown in the following aspects: low critical colloid concentration (cmc), which means high detergency at low concentrations, strong detergency and anti-dirt redeposition properties when washing synthetic fibers. It also has good low-temperature detergency. At room temperature, it is a white, light yellow paste. Dissolved in water, it has emulsification, net washing and wetting properties. Mainly used in household and industrial, detergents and metal cleaners.<\/p>\n\n
2. polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether formula R is mainly octyl, nonyl and dodecyl; n adjustable, they are characterized by strong ability to remove oil and fat. Representative products are OP series, OPE series and SOPE series, the main performance of acid and alkali resistance and hard water resistance, with decontamination, wetting, emulsification of metal processing and industrial detergent.<\/p>\n\n
3\uff0e\u70f7\u57fa\u7cd6\u82f7(APG)\uff1a\u70f7\u57fa\u7cd6\u82f7\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u975e\u79bb\u5b50\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u6d17\u6da4\u4e1a\u3001\u5316\u5986\u4e1a\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u836f\u4e1a\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9752\u7750\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u6613\u6f02\u6d17\u65e0\u6591\u75d5\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5b9c\u4e8e\u505a\u9910\u5177\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u3001\u74f6\u6d17\u5242\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n
C. Amphoteric surfactants: Their molecular structure has both positive and negative charges. Due to the specificity of molecular structure, it has the following characteristics in the process of use: low toxicity and low irritation to skin and eyes; good biodegradability and compatibility; good wettability, detergency and foam generation, and the following types are used as detergents.<\/p>\n\n
1\u3001N-acyl amino acid type: They are mainly used as the base for shampoo and detergent. Can resist weak acid and hard water. For example: N-Acyl polycondensed amino (polypeptide) carboxylic acid salt. Remi gang A (613 detergent, sodium oleoylamino (polypeptide) carboxylate) Remi gang A is condensed from fatty chloride and polycondensed amino acids made by hydrolysis of proteins. Therefore, it has low irritation and low toxicity and can be used in cosmetics. It has strong calcium soap dispersing, detergency and emulsifying power. In the textile industry as a purifying detergent, emulsifier, suitable for washing silk and wool because of poor degreasing power.<\/p>\n\n
2\u3001Betaine-type: Betaine-type amphoteric surfactants have good washing power for both cotton fabrics and polyester\/cotton blended fabrics, especially betaine hydroxysulfonic acid, which has its advantages in the washing process. For example, dodecyl dimethyl betaine is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid. Cationic in acidic media, anionic in alkaline media. Easily biodegradable. This product has excellent foaming properties, can make the hair soft, suitable for the manufacture of non-irritating, hair conditioning shampoo, baby shampoo, etc.. Because of good hard water resistance, it is used to prepare hard water detergent. It can also be used as bactericidal agent.<\/p>\n\n